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Non-Canonical

 

1. Garden of Gethsemane is the start------end is the tomb

2. This passion narrative caught the imagination of dramatist, artists musicians with vivid

3. Contains elements that have left their mark on Language & imagery .

               Judas kiss

4. Historically : Death of Jesus was the most public moment of his life Caiphas, Annas; Pilot

5. Theologically: Death of Jesus on the cross, as a key element of ^s plan. ^ has a plan, J saves me redeems me, justifies. I believe that J died on the cross so that I am free, Justifies, redeems & saves me.

6. Spiritually & Pastorally: The passion of J is the focus of Xtian meditation for countless disciples of the world.---------Act of the man on the cross---egolessness

Passion: Church & it Liturgy. The passion story is the centre piece of the season of lent & holy week, most sacred part of holy week & aster

 

If you compare the 4 passions you find they are different.

Last wds of Jesus do not have a pattern

Lks Gs –scourging at the pillar is skipped

Garden of Gethsemane—Mks Gs has a young man who leaves his clothes.

 

Mk 14:12-31

Mt   26:17-35

Lk   22: 7-38

 

LAST SUPPER: Preparation for the passion, during the feasts of unleavened bread

Ist day of the feast of unleavened bread this meal takes place

Jewish diary is from 6pm Fri 6am

                                   6am Fri

                       3^rd-----9pm                  6am.

                       6^th ----12 midnight      3^rd. hr   9am

                                                           9^th hr      3pm

                                                           6pm

Unleavened bread   Wed. 6pm---Thu 6pm------------lamb for the Passover meal

Luke 22:8 J sent Peter & John---large upper room-----at this meal the betrayal is foretold

There were 12 Apostles + Jesus, Meal was sitting on Mats on the floor.

Jesus & apostles sat down with cushions behind them, they reclined and ate.

Jn 13:21-30; Mt 26:21. Truly I say to you, one of you will betray me

Mt 26:23 The one who has dipped his hand into the bowl with me will betray him.

It was a Jewish custom that 3 people ate from the same plate

165. What made Judas betray Jesus ? Judas was a thief, he wanted a strong Jesus, Jesus was meek.Judas wanted Jesus to act.

 

1. Why choose bread & wine they were common elements at that time & give them a new meaning &  Institute the Eucharist—     This is my body this is my blood

He was referring to the death on the cross. This was a new covenant (Lk) The old covenant was at Mt Sainai   stone, Mt, Mk.

2. Lk 22:19   Jesus (the bread)   took, bless, broke, gave

166. How did they have a Passover meal ? Seder Meal. Ex 12: 1- 14.

( a reminder of the hard life under the pharos in Egypt) fruits & nuts. bread & wine

2. The passion Liturgy—Haggadah Liturgy—Here the youngest member of the family asked why is this night different         from other nights. The Oldest in the fly told the whole exodus event.

Ist Hallel Ps 145 was sung—this was a song of praise.

3. Meal proper * Blessing on the bread,& eating would start.

4. Concluding rites 2^nd. part of the Hallel Ps 113-118 was sung

At the end the Great Hallel Ps 136 was sung.

 

After the meal is over Jesus predicts the failure of the disciples Zec 13:7

Jesus predicts that the faith of the disciples will be shaken.

Jesus predicts Peters failure.

 

168. The sword is the symbol of crises

Your life will be at stake, you will be on your own, will you stand firm.

(a) Mount of Olives is the mount of Zion, between these 2 kingdom valleys, along the slopes were olive trees. Olive Oil was kept in vats, there were also olive presses there. This place seemed to be familiar to Jesus. This was a very peaceful grove. Peter, James & John were invited by Jesus to watch & pray. Jesus seemed to be troubled. Mk/Lk 22:44 condition known as Hematidrosis, intense fear & tension. Capillaries burst thro yhe sweat glands. In Lk. Sweating with blood. Jesus is afraid, it’s a mental emotion. In Mt & Mk –3 times, in Lk its only once

Posture of Jesus—Mk. Jesus fell to the ground

Prayer of Jesus Mt—My father

Sign of intimacy, Jesus speaks like a child to his father

Cup of suffering--- passion death.

Mk if it is possible

Mt; Mk Spirit is willing

 

170/171. Lk 52.

It was customary to kiss a rabbi, sign of respect & affection for a well loved teacher. The kiss was more like a lovers kiss, kiss of friendship, sad expression, makes the betrayal more interesting         

NRSV Mt 26:50—friend do what you have come here for.

Simon Peter cut the ear; In Jn it was Malcus

In Mt, Mk, & Jn. Jesus touched his ear healed him. & In Lk Jesus as a compassionate Xt.

Mk 14:52. Symbolic is it Mark himself.

Jesus leaves the linen cloth, Jesus also escapes death, leaving behind the linen cloth.

The young man symbolism is a preview to the resurrection of Jesus.What would be the end of the passion.

 

He is the highest supreme council that governed the affairs of the community of the Jews.

They could decide—creed – faith.

Mk 14:53—high priest

Acts 23:6? How many were there ---70.

Caiphus was the high priest

Annas was the father in law of Caiaphas.

Annas was appointed as high priest in 6AQuirinus was the governor of Syria. He remained as governor till 15Ad, his fly was wealthy & influential.

Caiaphas was the High Priest from 18AD—36/37Ad – He was deposed by Vitellius

Mk, Mt Sanhedrin—night—there were supposed to be 2 sessions.

Lk 22:66 said it was in the morning.

The Sanhedrin broke their own rule.

Jesus was arrested after the last supper.

 

Mk 14:58 they should have been punished.

They did not know what to charge him.

Mk 14:58 I will destroy the temple

Jn 2:19-21. YOU àDestroy the temple I will build it in 3 days

You kill me & in 3 days I will rise again.

Q that sealed Jesus’ faith à Caiphus asked ‘ Are you the messiah the son of God’

He cannot say what is false.

 

Daniel 7:13-14.

Mt 26:65 Tearing of robes à signifies hysterical horror.

 

The cock crowed, the prediction of Jesus has happened

Peters tears are tears of repentance.

 

1. Pilate.

2. Herod.

3. Death sentence.

End of the GSp. How many appearances did Jesus have in the 4 GSp.               7^th Oct 2007.

 

Palestine was divided in to 4 regions Lk 3:1.

 

Jesus was a Galilean, from Galilee à Judea; From Judea from Galilee. Jerusalem law & order.

Pilate was the governor from 2 AD – 36 AD His head quarters were Caesarea Martima on the coast..

Herad Antiphas, Herad tetraach.

Ituria + Trachonibis – Philip Tetrach.

Lysarias Abilens – Lysarias – Tetrach.

Pilate resided at the HQ he came to Jerusalem during the Passover.

The Sanhedrin had to take permission from the Romans (Pilate) who was their governor.

Jesus was taken on a religious charge. Pilate is only interested in the law & order situation.

Jesus was accused of blasphemy, they decided it was a political crime.

In Lk GSp 23:2-5 the Sanhedrin reports 3 political crimes à Aggitating (arousing) the people.

                      à opposing taxes to the Roman Empire.

                      à He called himself king.

By this we know which of this is the most important of the 3.

à the Qs. Are you the king of the Jews ?

Not once in his ministry did he say that he was the king of the Jews.            

 

He wanted to see Jesus performing miracles.                                

Vs 12. Jesus brings about reconciliation between Pilate & Herod

Lk 23:13 2^nd appearance of Jesus.

 

Sanhedrin

Scribes incite the people to release Barabas.

Pharisees

 

Pilate does 3 things: Releases Barabas, Jesus is scourged, He is handed to be crucified.

Scourging was inflicted as a preparation for crucifiction. à Done with a chain a whip with flays.

He was held & the whip was swayed. Pieces of bone & flesh, there were 39-40 lashes

When Jesus regained consciousness he was too week to carry the cross, His garment were ripped of his body. Invariably all the criminals were naked

Jesus was handed over à Mk 10:39

Judas à Sanhedrin

Sanhedrin à Pilate

Pilate à to be crucified.

 

Jesus was abused 6 ways.

-         His clothes were striped

-         A scarlet robe to represent royalty was put on him.

-         A crown of thorns was put on his head

-         A reed was given in his hand.

-         He was mocked & spat on.

-         He was struck.

-         Mocked ‘Hail king of the Jews’

 

176. 2 things that Judas did. à He repented & returned the money. Would they reverse their decision ? à He hanged himself.

9 Jer. 19:11; 32:6-9.; 11:12-13.     Acts 1:18-20.

 

The probable method of crucifiction.

Jesus carried the horizontal beam

A soldier would carry the charge of the prisoner

The crime of the prisoner

The upright pole was already there

Hands were nailed & roped

Legs were nailed

Death came slowly. Death came by thirst, hunger exposure to the elements

Body was probably burnt.

 

Mk 15:21 Alexander, Rufus were prominent members of Mks community

Women of Jerusalem à prediction that Jesus makes

Traditional status, falls three times, Veronica wipes the face of Jesus.

Prediction. à barren womb (29) Destruction of the temple à Jerusalem 70AD

You will know what terror is

31. If they can do this to me who is innocent what will happen to those who are really guilty.

Seize  of Jerusalem.

 

Mk 27:33 Place of the skull. Probably a mount / hill that resembled a skull. This was outside the city walls. It was a Roman custom. Golgotha was an elevated place.

Mt 34; Mk 23. Jesus did not want to take it, it was resolved to taste death & its bitters & t0 God with open eyes with consciousness.

Division of the Garment: à A Jew wore 5 items of clothes.

a. Inner tunic,    b. outer robe   c. Sandals.   D. Girdle.    E. Turban.

Jn 19:23-24. Soldiers. outer robe was seamless à Ps 22:18 fulfillment.

Jesus was a Jew , at least he covered his genitals, otherwise people were nude.

 

INSCRIPTION: The king of the Jews Jn 19:20 in Hebrew, Aramaic, Latin & Greek.

Jesus of Nazareth King of the Jews.

 

Mt à Jesus was mocked, bystanders asked him to get down

Scribes he saved others. Priests, soldiers, robbers.

Totality of self giving à Blood & Water

Sacramental sign of the church.

 

Mk GSp Jesus hangs on the cross in the 6^th hr.à 3 hrs eclipse.

à 9am to 6pm he hangs for 6 hrs.

 

51. Through the death of Jesus now they can enter.

People now have an access to God through Jesus

The new temple is the body of Jesus. & the new sacrifice is the death on the cross.

The tomb has lost its power

If Jesus lives we too will live. Sheol is binding people no more

 

Prelude to the resurrection narrative

There is no resurrection without death, power of the grave is finished

Roman centurion ‘truly this was the son of God’.

Mary Magdalene.

 

Took the body down from the cross.

Wrapped the body with a cloth.

Laid the body in the tomb.

Closed the tomb. Rolled the stone.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Resurrection is not a corpse come back to life

Jesus enters into his glory Lk 24:26.

Jesus has a human form

Resurrection is beyond time & space.

Ress metaphorically is trans historical

Ress is the expression of faith.

Ress you need to believe.

Ress Some thing of history understand this with the institution of faith. They must be held together & the D&R event is trans historical in essence & historical in manifestation.

Something did happen

 

Statement of faith.

Acts of apostles / Epistles

Resurrection narrative

These are sharp statements of belief

Proclamation (Kerygmatic) or confessional we believe

A creedal statement expressing belief in the resurrection of Jesus. These were produced in the early church.

1 Thess 4:1 Jesus died & rose again

1 Cor 15:3-4. à for I delivered.

Rm 10:9 If you confess ….

Acts of the Ap. 2:23:24; 3:14-15; 4:10; 10:39-41; 13:29-31.

These stress the exaltation of Jesus both creedal & hymnic are ways of expressing the same reality.

Both are important to stress the continuity between Jesus of Nazareth & JC the risen Lord.

Exultation expresses a transcendental nature of existence

Ex Phip 2:6-11 à though he was the son of God he did not misuse the place of honor.

1 Pet 3:18-22 Jesus died -……………

1 Tim 3:16

These hymnic statements were community productions, & were used most probably in the liturgy of the early church.

 

The problem of the empty tomb.

Mk 16:1    3 women

Mt 28:1     2 women

Lk 24:1      They

Jn 20:1      Mary Magdaline.

 

Mt 20:2         Angel

Mk 16:5        Young man

Lk 24:4         2 men.

Jn                 No angels.

 

The witness were women, an evidence that would never be accepted in Jewish tradition.

All 4 GSp mentioned Joseph of Aramathia.

They knew the location of the tomb

186. The Jews knew if the empty tomb. Mt 27:66

188.                                                       28:13.

186. Why did the women go to the tomb. 

 

Mk à Women wonderer who will roll the stone

Mt. àWomen see the stone rolled away.

Lk & Jn stone is rolled away already.

Proclamation that Jesus is risen

 

Mt 28:5-8.               à The empty tomb was not a proof of resurrection but a necessary

Mk 16:6                       condition for the disciples to proclaim that Jesus has risen. In Mk

Lk 28:7                        GSp faith is created by the proclamation of the angels

 

He has risen, he has risen. The proclamation creates the experience of the resurrection.

The symbols of the empty tomb is important.

 

It is empty is the continuity between J of N & J the Xt.

 

i.                    Mt there are 2 à 28:9-10 women

iii.                Lk                      24:34-35.   2 disciples

v.                  Jn                      20:11-18    Mary Magdaline

Mk                     16:9-16    Summery

 

Location Mt         Galilee

 

Time of the Appearances: Lk 24:1; 13:36 Easter Sunday

Jn      --------------------------Spaced out during the week.

Mt    -----------------------   No indication of time.

 

What type of appearances?

Mt à The appearance is seen as Theophany (Divine manifestation) there is no emphasis on the encounter as such, but an universal mission. Go to all nations Mt 8:16-20.

Jn & Lk: No emphasis on the mission but more on the encounter. This is because of the inability to understand the bodily resurrection. This evangelist shows that the resurrection is in

 

 

a special body. The resurrection is a limit experience i.e. it is of the fringes of the world à supernatural world.

 

The narrative sometimes shows us reluctance on the part of the disciples to recognize or accept the risen Jesus (Thomas). It also shows that the ress was not expected by them (the ress ended at Calvary)

The ress is Tran historical & cannot be studied by the historical method. Yet it is a reality because it is rooted in the past event that is the death of Jesus. The disciples in the death event have experienced the meaning of

Unconditional love of Kenosis Gk= self emptying. This ress is accessible in the present moment (now) thro. Faith.

Jesus also stressed heavenly values over earthly values; (stored up heavenly treasure) he was totally detached in everything in his public life.

5. The end of existence for us is not death but life eternal.